FROM THE DESK OF DR THICKNESS PATRICK EGWUATU, SIGNS OF BIPOLAR 1 AND BIPOLAR 2 D/O

Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder characterized by fluctuations in mood and energy levels. There are
two main types of bipolar disorder: Bipolar I and Bipolar II. Here are the signs and symptoms of each:
Bipolar I Disorder:

1. Manic Episodes: Individuals with Bipolar I experience at least one manic episode, which is a
   distinct period of abnormally elevated or irritable mood. During a manic episode, they may
   exhibit the following signs:
    Increased energy and activity.
    Decreased need for sleep.
    Racing thoughts.
    Increased self-esteem and grandiosity.
    Impulsivity and poor judgment, which may lead to reckless behavior.
    Agitation or irritability.
2. Depressive Episodes: People with Bipolar I may also experience depressive episodes,
   characterized by:
    Persistent sadness or low mood.
    Changes in sleep and appetite.
    Fatigue or loss of energy.
    Feelings of guilt or worthlessness.
    Difficulty concentrating.
    Thoughts of death or suicide.
3. Mixed Episodes: Some individuals with Bipolar I may experience mixed episodes, where
   symptoms of mania and depression occur simultaneously or in rapid succession. This can be
   particularly challenging to manage.

Bipolar II Disorder:

1. Hypomanic Episodes: Bipolar II is defined by the presence of at least one hypomanic episode
   and one major depressive episode. Hypomanic episodes are similar to manic episodes but are
   less severe. Signs of hypomania may include:
    Elevated mood.
    Increased activity and energy.
    Racing thoughts.

 Increased self-esteem or confidence.
 Increased sociability.
 Some impulsivity, though generally less than in mania.

2. Major Depressive Episodes: Similar to Bipolar I, individuals with Bipolar II experience major
   depressive episodes with symptoms like sadness, changes in sleep and appetite, fatigue, guilt,
   difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.
   It’s essential to note that the diagnosis of bipolar disorder should be made by a mental health
   professional based on a thorough evaluation of the individual’s history and symptoms. Treatment often
   involves a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle management to help individuals
   manage their mood swings and lead fulfilling lives. If you or someone you know is experiencing
   symptoms of bipolar disorder, it is crucial to seek professional help.