The suicide rate across the world is a complex and concerning issue, influenced by various factors
including mental health, social and economic conditions, cultural beliefs, access to mental health
services, and more. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 800,000 people
die by suicide each year, making it a significant global public health concern.
In the United States, suicide rates have been steadily increasing over the past few decades. According to
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the suicide rate in the US rose by 33% from 1999
to 2019. In 2019, the overall suicide rate was 14.5 per 100,000 individuals, with rates varying among
different demographics. Factors contributing to this rise include mental health conditions like depression
and anxiety, substance abuse, access to firearms, economic hardships, and social isolation.
Nigeria, on the other hand, faces challenges in accurately reporting suicide rates due to cultural and
religious stigmatization around the topic, leading to underreporting. However, there’s evidence
suggesting an increasing rate. A study published in the journal Psychiatry Research in 2020 indicated a
growing trend in suicide rates in Nigeria, particularly among young adults. The reasons behind this
increase may include economic difficulties, lack of mental health awareness, stigma around seeking help
for mental health issues, and societal pressures.
Understanding and addressing the underlying causes of suicide are critical in developing effective
prevention strategies. Promoting mental health awareness, reducing stigma, providing access to mental
health services, offering support networks, and addressing socioeconomic factors are crucial steps in
preventing suicides globally.
Warning signs of suicide
Recognizing warning signs of suicide can be crucial in offering support to someone who may be
struggling. While these signs might vary among individuals, some common indicators include:
Talking about suicide: Direct or indirect references to feeling hopeless, trapped, or being a burden to
others. Statements like “I wish I wasn’t here,” “I won’t be around much longer,” or “Everyone would be
better off without me” can be red flags.
Changes in behavior: Sudden changes in behavior, mood swings, withdrawal from social activities,
increased use of alcohol or drugs, or displaying reckless behavior.
Extreme mood swings: Rapid and extreme shifts in mood or behavior, especially from being extremely
sad to very calm or happy.
Preoccupation with death: Expressing an unusual interest in death or researching methods to self-harm
or die by suicide.
Giving away possessions: Making plans to give away belongings, saying goodbye in a way that feels final,
or putting affairs in order.
Social isolation: Pulling away from friends, family, or usual social activities, feeling disconnected or
alone.
Expressions of hopelessness: Feelings of being trapped, feeling like there’s no way out of a situation, or
expressing a lack of purpose.
Sudden calmness: Sometimes, when a person has made a decision to end their life, they might exhibit
an unexpected sense of calm or relief.
It’s important to note that while these signs can be indicative, not everyone will show clear warning
signs. If you suspect someone might be considering suicide, it’s essential to approach the situation with
care and concern. Encourage them to seek help from a mental health professional, offer your support,
and, if necessary, assist them in finding resources such as hotlines or support groups.
If you’re concerned about someone’s immediate safety, don’t hesitate to call emergency services or take
them to the nearest emergency room for evaluation and care. You can reach out to ICON CLINIC at +1
240-730-5078 or www.iconclinicmd.com if you are within the Washington DC metropolitan area for
further advice.
References:
World Health Organization (WHO) – Suicide: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/suicide
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) – Suicide Statistics:
https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/pressroom/sosmap/suicide-mortality/suicide.htm
Psychiatry Research – Study on Suicide Rates in Nigeria:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016517812030848X
